Lost to the Wrecking Ball: Urban Renewal in Downtown Evansville, Indiana 1960s and 1970s

Wednesday, May 31, 2023 at 6:00 PM. Tour starts at Second Street and Sycamore (Old Post Office Side).

Vendome Hotel, Grand Theater, and The Evansville Businessmen’s Association

Join Tom Lonnberg and Terry Hughes on the tour of lost Evansville – 1960s and 1970s. This tour focuses on changes to the urban landscape of downtown primarily in the 1960s and 1970s, a period of great transition for downtown Evansville. Take this opportunity to explore and learn about one of downtown Evansville’s most interesting periods when many landmarks met their demise. Tour stops include the Evansville Business Men’s Association, Grand Theater, Vendome Hotel, the Rookery, Central High School, Assumption Cathedral, Cook’s Brewery, Evansville and Terre Haute Railroad Depot (USO and Community Center), Bethel Temple, the old City Hall, Lincoln Hotel, Majestic Theater, and more. Since all buildings discussed on the tour are gone, we will provide a printed booklet with photos of each wrecking ball victim.

The event is free and open to the public. We do appreciate advanced notification if possible. Click the link provided here and let us know. https://emuseum.org/event-details/downtown-urban-renewal-tour

Tom Lonnberg is the Chief Curator and Curator of History at the Evansville Museum of Arts, History and Science. He is also the Vice President of the Vanderburgh County Historical Society.

Central High School Sixth Street Side 1940 (The Bell Tower is on the Seventh Street [MLK Jr.] side

Terry Hughes is a retired educator from the EVSC. In retirement he serves as President of the Vanderburgh County Historical Society. He is also on the Board of Directors of the Southwestern Indiana Historical Society.

Historian in Residence Talk with Dr. Matthew Pinsker

Dr. Matthew Pinkser

Noted historian and Abraham Lincoln scholar Dr. Matthew Pinsker, the Evansville Museum’s 2023 Historian in Residence, will present the talk “Getting Right with Lincoln, Now More than Ever” on Tuesday, April 18, at 6:30 pm at the Museum. He will discuss what Americans today might learn from Lincoln’s response to the challenge of national division and partisan polarization during the secession crisis of 1860-61. Pinsker will draw upon his expertise in Lincoln studies to help shed fresh light on the great president’s political leadership while also highlighting some new materials from his free summer program for low-income high school students: the Knowledge for Freedom seminar.

Dr. Pinsker holds the Brian Pohanka Chair of Civil War History at Dickinson College and earned his Bachelor of Arts degree from Harvard University and Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Oxford.

Native Fascism: Evansville’s 1948 Wallace Riot

VCHS in conjunction with Willard Library
March 13, 2023 at 6:00 PM in the Browning Gallery at Willard Library.

Dr. Denise Lynn
Dr. Denise Lynn

Description of the Program: In April 1948, Progressive Party candidate for President Henry Wallace arrived in Indiana to much controversy. The conservative state did not welcome Wallace and veteran’s organizations actively organized to disrupt his speaking engagements. On April 6 at the Progressive Party’s Evansville event, a mob attacked the Wallace supporters causing injuries and pushing Evansville into the national spotlight. In the wake of the riot, a local professor was fired for his involvement in the Wallace campaign and the radical CIO Local 813 became the subject of House committee hearings. This anticommunist hysteria gripped the Evansville community and led to populist fascist reaction beginning with the violence at the riot. This presentation argues that what happened in Evansville on April 6 was part of a populist fascism in the United States propelled by anticommunism and enacted by veteran’s organizations. While national politicians dominate histories of anticommunism, some of the greatest damage done during that period occurred when other Americans, specifically veteran’s groups, violated the constitutional rights of their fellow citizens.

About Dr. Lynn: Originally from Upstate New York, she attended SUNY Binghamton, State University of New York where she received her MA and PhD. Her research focuses on women in the American Communist Party. Dr. Lynn is the Vice-President of the Historians of American Communism and the editor of its journal American Communist History. She has written a regular blog for Black Perspectives and has written for Nursing Clio, Marxist Sociology, and Lawrence & Wishart. Her articles have appeared in American Communist History, Women’s History Review, Journal of Cold War Studies, Radical Americas, Journal of Intersectionality, and Journal for the Study of Radicalism. Dr. Lynn is the author of Where is Juliet Stuart Poyntz? Gender, Spycraft, and Anti-Stalinism in the Early Cold War from the University of Massachusetts Press. Her current book project is on radical Black women in the anti-Korean war movement and a biography of Claudia Jones.

President’s Report for VCHS Activities for 2021-2022

VCHS programming actually runs from November to November

Programs for 2021-2022

  • Tom Lonnberg and Terry Hughes – From Here to Eternity (motion picture) (December 2022)
  • Kelley Coures – From the Closet to Main Street: a Look at Evansville’s LGBTQ+ History (June 2022)
  • Erick Jones – Wide Open Evansville (September 20202)
  • Dr. James MacLeod – Lost Evansville: the Transformation of a City, 1945-1975 (September 2022)
  • James Madison — The Klu Klux Klan in the Heartland (April 2022)
  • Jon Carl – Bullets by the Billions (March 2022)
  • Oak Hill Twilight Tour (October 2022)

Walking Tours

  • Main Street in the 1960s – (October 2022)

History Celebration at the Evansville Museum  November 2022

Letter of Support for Old Courthouse Bell Tower

Letter of Support for Browning Genealogy

Maturity Journal Articles

•           December 2021: Tom Lonnberg – the Vendome Hotel

•           January 2022: Steve Appel – Cooke’s Park

•           February 2022: Dr. Stella Ress – Four Freedoms Monument

•           March 2022: Chris Cooke – Oak Hill Cemetery

•           April 2022: Joe Engler — the Coliseum

•           May 2022: Amber Gowen – Evansville Nurses during WWI

•           June 2022: Dr. Denise Lynn – Albion Fellows Bacon, pt. 1

•           July 2022: Dr. Denise Lynn – Albion Fellows Bacon, pt. 2

•           August 2022: Tom Lonnberg – Evansville’s Inter Urbans

•           September 2022: Terry Hughes – Marilyn Miller

•           October 2022: Shane Raenschert – Evansville’s LGBTQ+ history (not published)

•           November 2022: Tom Lonnberg – James Bethel Gresham

•           December 2022 Joe Engler – Helder-Brandon Residence

Reminisce with Tom and Terry: Main Street in the 1960s

Sunday, October 9th at 2:00 PM, starting at the intersection of Riverside Drive and Main Street in Evansville, Indiana

Please reserve a spot to let us know how many are coming. Click the link following to go to the Museum reservation site, fill in the info, and select Main Street Walking Tour. https://emuseum.org/rsvp

Main Strdeet, Evansville, Indiana c 1965
Main Street from Fourth Street Looking toward the River

Tom Lonnberg and Terry Hughes will lead a guided tour of Main Street as it looked in the 1960s. Starting at the intersection of Riverside Drive and Main Street, the tour will walk the seven blocks to Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard. We will return via Sycamore.

Tom and Terry will provide a printed pamphlet to illustrate buildings we pass. We invite tour members to share their memories and assist in locating various business along the route. For instance, Terry remembers having his feet X-rayed in the Evansville Store’s shoe department, and Tom remembers Christmas shopping at the Evansville store.

As can be seen in the photo, in the 1960s Main Street was still intact as a four lane street with another lane on each side for parking. Although change was threatening the downtown district in the 1960s, Main Street was still a thriving area. In the picture, we can see Baynham’s (shoes), the Evansville Store (department store), Bon Marche'(department store), Barkers (shoes), the Farmer’s Daughter (restaurant) and WROZ Radio, all businesses gone today from the downtown district.

By the end of the decade, Main Street was its current-day box canyon with the new Civic Center blocking it at Seventh Street, the present day Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard. In the next decade the city further choked Main by narrowing it to the serpentine passage it is today. Much of what was is now gone. It can only remain in our memories and photos that have survived. Join us in recreating Main Street in the 1960s. You don’t have to be an older person with memories. Anyone of any age can enjoy the tour. The tour is free and open to the public.

Please reserve a spot to let us know how many are coming. Click to go to the Museum reservation site, fill in the info, and select Main Street Walking Tour. https://emuseum.org/rsvp

Tom Lonnberg is the Chief Curator and Curator of History at the Evansville Museum of Arts, History and Science. He is also the Vice President of the Vanderburgh County Historical Society.

Terry Hughes is a retired educator from the EVSC. In retirement he serves as President of the Vanderburgh County Historical Society. He is also on the Board of Directors of the Southwestern Indiana Historical Society.

Wide Open Evansville by R. Erick Jones

Sunday, September 25th at 2:00 PM in the Browning Room of the Evansville-Vanderburgh Public Library, 200 S. E. Martine Luther King Jr. Blvd, Evansville, IN in conjunction with Your Brother’s Bookstore, 504 Main Street Evansville, Indiana.

In the words of the author: My presentation will cover prohibition coming to Indiana, key liquor violators that the feds were looking into, the booze boat incident/whiskey conspiracy, the Courier‘s turning on Bosse. I’ll also talk about Benjamin Bosse’s involvement and how he escaped indictment.

The author’s description of his book:

What began as a genealogy
search grew into an in-depth
investigation of a period in
Evansville history when
Indiana instituted prohibition
while Kentucky, just across the
Ohio River, did not. Evansville
earned a reputation for being
wide open when its Chief of
Police, Edgar Schmitt, was
accused of selling confiscated
liquor from the police station
and using the police boat for
bootlegging.

This authentic account
provides a remarkable insight
into the investigation and trial.
It covers the forgotten details
of the story and reveals things
that were never brought to
light. Finally, you can read the
truth about this historic event
and get answers to key
questions such as who was
involved.

Copies of the book will be available for purchasing and signing.

Author’s Biography

Photo of author R. Erick Jones
Author R. Erick Jones

Erick Jones is the great-grandson
of Evansville, Indiana Police
Captain Andy Friedle, the officer in
charge of the infamous police
“booze boat” which was used for
bootlegging. His debut book, Wide
Open Evansville
, is the result of
several years of research and
reveals the true story of the 1920
whiskey ring conspiracy in
sensational detail. But his family’s
ties to prohibition don’t end there.
He is also the great-grandson of
former Vanderburgh County
sheriff’s deputy Jesse Jones, who
later became a federal prohibition
agent.
Although he currently lives in Ohio,
he has fond memories of spending
summers as a child with his
grandparents in Evansville.

Dr. James MacLeod — Lost Evansville: The Transformation of a City, 1945-1975

On Thursday, September 8 at 6 pm, Dr. James MacLeod will present the talk “Lost Evansville: The

Dr. James MacLeod
Dr. Jame
VCHS Logo

Transformation of a City,” 1945-1975 at the Evansville Museum.
From 1945-1975 Evansville, like many other places, underwent an almost complete transformation as the wartime factories were closed or repurposed, iconic companies either closed or moved away, the old downtown was largely replaced by new structures, and road-building projects cut apart traditional neighborhoods. All these issues raised huge challenges and opened opportunities – and they profoundly shaped the city that we see today. There was much that was lost, but this is also a story of what came in its place.
Dr. MacLeod chairs the Department of History, Politics, and Social Change at UE. A graduate of the University of Edinburgh. He is the author of Evansville in World War Two, which was published in 2015, and “The Cartoons of Evansville’s Karl Kae Knecht,” published in February 2017. In 2016 he wrote and co-produced a two-part documentary on Evansville in World War II for WNIN PBS titled Evansville at War. He is currently working on a history of the city for the History Press entitled “Lost Evansville,” to be published Fall 2023.
This event is presented in partnership with the Vanderburgh County Historical Society.
As seating is limited, please make complimentary reservations at https://emuseum.org/rsvp.

Helder / Brandon Residence

Sometime in the late 1870s, Philip C Helder built his large home on the edge of Rowleytown. Rowleytown was a small neighborhood northeast of downtown platted by an Evansville judge Nathan Rowley. Several of the roads have changed names as the area was eventually merged into the city limits. Helder was the one of the partners in Blemker, Tillman, & Co Excelsior Stove Works. The two-story brick home was located at 420 William St, what is now the corner of E Sycamore and Elliott St.

The Helder home (#135) was one of the grander homes in the Rowleytown area from this 1880 map. Hose House No. 9 is in bottom middle (#133)

Around 1889, M C Brandon of Holt and Brandon Ice became the owner of the house, but by 1895 he
built new residence nearer downtown. The home passed through various owners for next several years, but the it was fairly well kept.

The Old Folks Home Association bought the house in 1921 and turned it into the Colored Old Folks Home. It was a home for “aged and needy colored people.” In 1924, a health clinic opened in the home to treat tuberculosis patients.

“Future home of needy colored folk”

In 1929, the property came under the umbrella of what was later Welborn Hospital. Serving African American community, the Walker Annex was run by registered nurses with doctors from the hospital visiting as needed to perform surgeries. It was officially renamed the Welborn-Walker Annex in 1933 and then Welborn Annex in 1944 as the main hospital changed names.

Doctors traveling to Welborn Annex 1947


The Welborn annex closed in 1953 in an effort to desegregate the hospital. The neighborhood was close in proximity to Baptistown and the home continued to cater to the African American population. It was the Bell’s Tourist Home (colored) in 1954 and continued as a hotel through at least 1962.

Aerial view from 1949 shows a densely residential neighborhood that has thinned out over the years. The Welborn-Walker Annex is in blue at center.

As the area became less residential and more industrial the property became run down. In the early 1980s, fixtures including chandeliers and mantels pilfered from property while it sat vacant. Efforts to save building began by Evansville NAACP for its historical significance to black community. The sketch below shows the plans to rehab the home for offices for Six Sons Construction Co.

Proposed new office Center. Artist’s sketch of the building which will be restored as an office for Six Sons Contracting CO

Sadly before the plans could ever materialize the company backed out. The building, which was the last one on the block, caught fire overnight on April 7, 1984. It was badly damaged and torn down shortly afterward.

City firefighters fought a fire in an abandoned historic building at 414 E. Sycamore St early today (Apr 8, 1984)


Evansville’s LGBTQ History 1895-Present

7:00 PM on June 2, 2022. In the Fellowship Hall of First Presbyterian Church at 609 SE Second Street, Evansville, IN

First Presbyterian Church is at the intersection of Second Street and Mulberry in Evansville, Indiana. Click for directions

Kelley Coures
Kelley Coures,
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Join the VCHS in learning about Evansville’s LGBTQ history presented by Kelley Coures. Coures will tell the story of Evansville’s LGBTQ history beginning with local coverage of the trial of Oscar Wilde and ending with the current LGBTQ narrative.

Kelley Coures is an Evansville native who earned his BA in economics and history from the University of Southern Indiana. Coures has been Evansville’s Director of Metropolitan Development since 2014. He is also the winner of the 2011 Sadelle Berger Civil Rights Award, and the 2012 winner of the Leadership Evansville Social Service Award. Coures has been an Emeritus member of River City Pride from 2019 to the present.

VCHS AT THE . . .

Noted Historian, James Madison, to Speak in Evansville

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Dr. James “Jim” H. Madison’s most recent book, The Ku Klux Klan in the Heartland begins with this sentence: “The Ku Klux Klan was a dark as the night and as American as apple pie.” In his talk—presented in a partnership of the Evansville Museum of Arts, History & Science, the Evansville African American Museum, and the Vanderburgh County Historical Society—Madison will attempt to explain that seemingly contradictory statement. He will focus on Indiana’s Klan of the 1920s, its goals and methods, its members and opponents, and its place in in larger contexts down to our own time. This program explores this regrettable and all too often glossed-over history.

Jim Madison is the Thomas and Kathryn Miller Professor Emeritus of History at Indiana University. An award-winning teacher, he is the author of several books, including Eli Lilly: A Life; Slinging Doughnuts for the Boys: An American Woman in World War II; Hoosiers: A New History of Indiana; and A Lynching in the Heartland: Race and Memory in America. The Midwestern History Association recently honored him with the Frederick Jackson Turner Lifetime Achievement Award.

This program is made possible through a grant from Indiana Humanities, in cooperation with the National Endowment for the Humanities.

Time & Date: Thursday, April 21, 6 p.m.

Location: Evansville Museum of Arts, History & Science
411 SE Riverside Drive, Evansville IN

For complimentary reservations: Visit https://emuseum.org/rsvp and choose “Dr. James Madison’s Presentation” under “Event Selection”.

National Endowment for the Humanities, Indiana Humanities, Vanderburgh County Historical Society, Evansville African American Museum